I, too, would like to hear some tales from the poor, the elderly, and those on fixed incomes, plus those who are just getting by from paycheck to paycheck. I want to hear how their lives are affected by sudden increases in gasoline price such as occurred in summer 2008, and electric power prices such as occurred in California in 2001. This is central to my argument that Carbon Dioxide reduction, along with Cap and Trade legislation, will plunge many if not most of those mentioned above into even more dire straits.
Basic needs include food, clothing, shelter, and medication. Shelter no longer means simply a roof to keep dry from rain, but includes temperature moderation so people can live warm in winter and cool in summer. Some would include transportation costs as a basic necessity.
It is hypocritical of government, in my view, to pass strict regulations to reduce tiny amounts of air pollutants with a goal of preventing a very small number of illnesses or deaths, but then to pass Carbon Dioxide reduction laws that will increase costs of electric power and transportation fuels, thus forcing millions of people to choose between paying for electric power, medication, food, transportation fuel, or rent. Yet that is exactly what U.S. governments have done and are doing, at both the State and Federal levels. An example is California’s South Coast Air Quality Management District’s health impact studies on air pollutants; these and similar studies were used to justify laws that impose massive costs on industry and individuals to reduce some forms of air pollution including diesel particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, ozone, and non-diesel particulate matter such as construction-related dust. One can follow along at www.aqmd.gov, and see many laws of this nature. A recent study known as MATES III shows a cancer risk of 1200 cancers per 1 million population, most of which (84 percent) is attributed to diesel particulate matter. The national EPA conducted similar studies nation-wide.
California laws to reduce diesel-related PM10 (particulate matter smaller than 10 microns) include requirements for catalytic oxidation filters, electric drayage trucks at ports, and electrification of ships at berth, among others. New diesel engines have strict emissions limits, with those manufactured from 2010 to have very low emissions. Also, California will prohibit any truck from entering the state unless that truck meets California emission standards. The costs of achieving the goals of these laws are immaterial; one must comply or pay the penalties.
Meanwhile, California passed the Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006, aka AB 32, which directs the Air Resource Board (ARB) to write strict regulations on reducing Carbon Dioxide and other so-called greenhouse gases. Also, the U.S. House of Representatives passed HR 2454, a federal greenhouse gas bill with goals similar to AB 32. Each would reduce greenhouse gases to 1990 levels by 2020, and 80 percent below the 1990 level by 2050. The net effect of these laws will be massive increases in electric power costs, transportation fuel costs, all goods that move by truck, and all services. The population groups mentioned earlier, the poor, elderly, on fixed incomes, and living paycheck to paycheck, will not be able to purchase energy-saving appliances, or new hybrid cars, but must pay for higher-priced merchandise including food. Many in those population groups live in rental apartments or homes, and cannot upgrade appliances on their own initiative. Only the landlord can do such upgrades. The higher price of transportation fuel is the same for all, whether poor or rich.
Thus we shall see millions of Americans forced further and further into poverty, forced out of their homes, unable to purchase medication or food, or sitting in the dark, sweating in the heat in summer, or freezing in the winter because governments passed laws to reduce Carbon Dioxide via carbon capture and sequestration, forcing utilities to provide power that is generated by renewable means, and forcing fuel companies to sell transportation fuel that includes expensive bio-fuels.
Carbon capture and sequestration is a very, very expensive means of removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. It may seem not so bad, at first, as electric prices will be increased approximately 4 to 8 cents per kWh. That is roughly a 30 to 80 percent increase over current prices. But, that price increase is based upon the availability of suitable geologic sites for storing the liquid Carbon Dioxide. Just like solid waste landfills, what happens when those geologic sites are full, and there are no more? How much more expensive will electric power become?
CCS, or carbon capture and sequestration, requires huge capital investment and equally large ongoing operating costs. The capital investment is to provide counter-current absorber vessels in which exhaust gases from a coal-fired power plant or process furnace flow upward through a liquid that flows downward. The liquid absorbs the carbon dioxide, and is known as a “rich” liquid. The rich liquid then is pumped to another vessel, known as a regenerator, where heat is applied to the rich liquid, thereby releasing the carbon dioxide as a relatively pure gas. The liquid, now free of carbon dioxide, is designated a “lean” liquid. The lean liquid is then pumped to the top of the absorber vessel. The pumping consumes electrical power, and heat to the regenerator may be from steam or a hot oil.
Additional capital is required to compress the carbon dioxide, and in some cases, liquefy it. The motors to run the compressors and liquefaction chillers also consume great quantities of electric power. Once the carbon dioxide is transported to the disposal site, usually a well deep in the ground, more energy is required to compress or pump the carbon dioxide into the well. All of these costs are added to the basic price of electricity.
Higher costs of electricity are deadly to the vulnerable groups in our society. Carbon reduction laws are wrong for that reason alone, if for no others. There are others, of course, including the lack of correlation between carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere and average global temperature over time.
Government is hypocritical in passing diesel-emission reduction laws on the grounds of improving health, then passing carbon reduction laws such as AB 32 that will increase misery and illness.
Roger E. Sowell, Esq.
